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1 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 27 March 1886 Aachen, Germanyd. 17 August 1969 Chicago, USA[br]German architect, third of the great trio of long-lived, second-generation modernists who established the international style in the inter-war years and brought it to maturity (See Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) and Gropius).[br]Mies van der Rohe was the son of a stonemason and his early constructional training came from his father. As a young man he gained experience of the modern school from study of the architecture of the earlier leaders, notably Peter Behrens, Hendrik Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright. He commenced architectural practice in 1913 and soon after the First World War was establishing his own version of modern architecture. His building materials were always of the highest quality, of marble, stone, glass and, especially, steel. He stripped his designs of all extraneous decoration: more than any of his contemporaries he followed the theme of elegance, functionalism and an ascetic concentration on essentials. He believed that architectural design should not look backwards but should reflect the contemporary achievement of advanced technology in both its construction and the materials used, and he began early in his career to act upon these beliefs. Typical was his early concrete and glass office building of 1922, after which, more importantly, came his designs for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. These designs included his famous Barcelona chair, made from chrome steel and leather in a geometrical design, one which has survived as a classic and is still in production. Another milestone was his Tugendhat House in Brno (1930), a long, low, rectilinear structure in glass and steel that set a pattern for many later buildings of this type. In 1930 Mies followed his colleagues as third Director of the Bauhaus, but due to the rise of National Socialism in Germany it was closed in 1933. He finally left Germany for the USA in 1937, and the following year he took up his post as Director of Architecture in Chicago at what is now known as the Illinois Institute of Technology and where he remained for twenty years. In America Mies van der Rohe continued to develop his work upon his original thesis. His buildings are always recognizable for their elegance, fine proportions, high-quality materials and clean, geometrical forms; nearly all are of glass and steel in rectangular shapes. The structure and design evolved according to the individual needs of each commission, and there were three fundamental types of design. One type was the single or grouped high-rise tower, built for apartments for the wealthy, as in his Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago (1948–51), or for city-centre offices, as in his Seagram Building in New York (1954–8, with Philip Johnson) or his Chicago Federal Centre (1964). Another form was the long, low rectangle based upon the earlier Tugendhat House and seen again in the New National Gallery in Berlin (1965–8). Third, there were the grouped schemes when the commission called for buildings of varied purpose on a single, large site. Here Mies van der Rohe achieved a variety and interest in the different shapes and heights of buildings set out in spatial harmony of landscape. Some examples of this type of scheme were housing estates (Lafayette Park Housing Development in Detroit, 1955–6), while others were for educational, commercial or shopping requirements, as at the Toronto Dominion Centre (1963–9).[br]Further ReadingL.Hilbersheimer, 1956, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Chicago: P.Theobald.Peter Blake, 1960, Mies van der Rohe, Architecture and Structure, Penguin, Pelican. Arthur Drexler, 1960, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, London: Mayflower.Philip Johnson, 1978, Mies van der Rohe, Seeker and Warburg.DYBiographical history of technology > Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
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2 Rohe, Ludwig Mies van der
Biographical history of technology > Rohe, Ludwig Mies van der
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3 Architecture and building
Biographical history of technology > Architecture and building
См. также в других словарях:
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe — Born Ludwig Mies March 27, 1886(1886 03 27) Aachen, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire … Wikipedia
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe — Timbre de la poste allemande pour les 100 ans de Mies van der Rohe en 1986 Présentation Nom de naissance Ludwig Mies Naissance … Wikipédia en Français
Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe — Timbre de 1986 à son effigie. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (né le 27 mars 1886 à Aix la Chapelle, décédé le 17 août 1969 à Chicag … Wikipédia en Français
Ludwig mies van der rohe — Timbre de 1986 à son effigie. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (né le 27 mars 1886 à Aix la Chapelle, décédé le 17 août 1969 à Chicag … Wikipédia en Français
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe — Información personal Nacimiento 27 de marzo de 1886 Aquisgrán, Alemania … Wikipedia Español
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe — (27 de marzo de 1886 17 de agosto de 1969) fue un arquitecto y diseñador alemán. Nació en Aquisgrán como el más joven de los cuatro hijos de una familia católica, propietaria de un negocio y taller de cantería. Tras terminar sus estudios en la… … Enciclopedia Universal
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe — Briefmarke, im Hintergrund die Neue Nationalgalerie … Deutsch Wikipedia
Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe — noun United States architect (born in Germany) who built unornamented steel frame and glass skyscrapers (1886 1969) • Syn: ↑Mies Van Der Rohe • Instance Hypernyms: ↑architect, ↑designer * * * Ludwig Mies van der Rohe … Useful english dictionary
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe — ➡ Mies van der Rohe * * * … Universalium
Mies van der Rohe — Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Timbre de 1986 à son effigie. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (né le 27 mars 1886 à Aix la Chapelle, décédé le 17 août 1969 à Chicag … Wikipédia en Français
Mies van der rohe — Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Timbre de 1986 à son effigie. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (né le 27 mars 1886 à Aix la Chapelle, décédé le 17 août 1969 à Chicag … Wikipédia en Français